A new study from Mount Sinai reveals that exposure to toxic “forever chemicals,” known as PFAS, could raise the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by as much as 31%. These substances—found in everything from non-stick cookware and food packaging to tap water—are virtually indestructible and accumulate in the body over time.
The research, based on a diverse sample of 360 individuals from Mount Sinai’s BioMe biobank, compared 180 patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes to 180 similar individuals without the disease. Blood samples taken prior to diagnosis revealed that those with higher PFAS levels were significantly more likely to develop diabetes.
PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) interfere with glucose metabolism and insulin regulation, two key processes in preventing hyperglycemia and diabetes. Dr. Vishal Midya, lead author, noted that the chemicals’ ability to disrupt the body’s metabolism appears particularly concerning in vulnerable and diverse populations.
The research highlights that PFAS exposure may increase insulin resistance, damage pancreatic cells, and potentially contribute to obesity—all key factors in the development of type 2 diabetes, which already affects up to 35 million Americans.
The EPA recently set a strict limit of 4 parts per trillion for six types of PFAS in public drinking water. Beginning in 2029, water systems exceeding this threshold must notify the public and take corrective measures.
PFAS are nicknamed “forever chemicals” because they persist for thousands of years. Found in waterproof clothing, food wrappers, cleaning products, and even pesticides, they can seep into groundwater and contaminate the food chain.
Senior author Dr. Damaskini Valvi notes that this growing body of research underscores the need for stricter regulation and early prevention strategies. “Environmental chemicals like PFAS must be considered alongside lifestyle and genetic factors in tackling chronic disease,” she emphasized.