Valley fever, a fungal infection also known as coccidioidomycosis, is surging across California with nearly 12,500 cases reported in 2024—the highest ever recorded. Health officials warn the risk remains high in 2025, especially in dry, dusty regions where the fungus thrives.
Where It’s Most Common
Valley fever occurs mainly in the southwestern United States, with California and Arizona reporting the majority of cases. In California, the southern San Joaquin Valley has historically been the hardest-hit region, but infections are increasingly spreading to the Central Valley and Central Coast. Other states with notable cases include Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah. Globally, the disease is also found in parts of Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Who’s Most at Risk
Anyone can contract Valley fever, but certain groups face a higher risk:
- Outdoor workers in agriculture, construction, and archaeology (due to dust exposure).
- Older adults and people with weakened immune systems.
- Pregnant women and individuals of Filipino or African American descent who are more prone to severe illness.
Symptoms to Watch For
The illness often begins with flu-like symptoms, including cough, fever, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Some cases progress to severe pneumonia, chronic lung problems, or even spread to other organs. Because it mimics other illnesses, Valley fever is often misdiagnosed or overlooked.
How to Avoid It
While there’s no vaccine, prevention focuses on reducing exposure:
- Limit outdoor activity during dusty, windy days in high-risk areas.
- Wear an N95 mask when working outdoors in dusty environments.
- Keep doors and windows closed during dust storms.
- Wet soil before digging to reduce airborne dust.
Public health officials urge travelers and residents to stay vigilant. As Dr. Erica Pan, California’s public health officer, emphasized: “Valley fever is here to stay. Early detection is key.”