Memory decline may seem like a natural part of aging, but new research from Northwestern University shows it’s not inevitable. In a groundbreaking 25-year study, scientists examined the brains of so-called “super agers” — people over 80 whose memory matches that of someone decades younger.
Researchers analyzed 79 donated brains and found two possible pathways to “super aging.” The resistance group produces few harmful amyloid and tau proteins linked to Alzheimer’s, while the resilience group produces them but remains unaffected. Unlike typical aging brains, super agers showed no thinning in the cortex — the brain’s decision-making and emotional control center. They also had more von economo neurons, linked to social behavior, and larger entorhinal neurons, essential for memory.
Social connection emerged as another hallmark. Super agers tend to be highly social, maintaining strong relationships, which may help protect brain health.
“This shows that loss of memory isn’t a given with age — decline often signals disease, not normal aging,” said lead author Sandra Weintraub, professor of psychiatry and neurology at Northwestern.
Christopher Weber, Ph.D., of the Alzheimer’s Association, called the findings “exciting,” noting that super agers maintain brain structures similar to younger adults. While the study group was small and not fully representative — mostly well-educated and White — the results could inform new strategies to prevent cognitive decline.
Weintraub emphasized lifestyle habits that support brain health: “Eat well, sleep well, exercise, socialize, manage health conditions, and avoid harmful substances. What’s good for your heart is good for your brain.”
The study, supported by the Northwestern Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and the National Institute on Aging, was published in Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association.
