Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is widely used to manage menopausal symptoms, but new research suggests it may have long-term effects on brain health. A study from Mass General Brigham, published in Science Advances, found that women over 70 who had used HRT more than a decade earlier showed faster accumulation of tau, a protein linked to Alzheimer’s disease. While HRT did not appear to increase amyloid beta, another key Alzheimer’s marker, the findings suggest timing of HRT initiation may influence cognitive decline.
The Potential Risks of HRT
The study compared 73 women who had used HRT with 73 non-users, finding that older women experienced increased tau accumulation in specific brain regions. Researchers suggest that delayed HRT initiation might contribute to cognitive decline, reinforcing current guidelines that recommend starting HRT within 10 years of menopause to minimize risks.
The Benefits of HRT
Despite these concerns, HRT has proven benefits for menopausal women, including:
- Relief from menopausal symptoms (hot flashes, mood swings, night sweats)
- Bone health support, reducing the risk of osteoporosis
- Possible heart health benefits when started early
Longterm Uncertainty
HRT may provide significant relief for menopausal symptoms, but its effects on long-term brain health remain uncertain. Women considering HRT should consult their doctors to weigh personal risks and benefits, especially regarding timing and duration of treatment.
